The Homeowner’s Guide to Septic Systems
Protecting Your Home and Your Investment
Buying or owning a home with a septic system is a bit different than being on city sewers. Understanding how your system works is the first step in avoiding costly repairs and ensuring your property value remains high.
What is a Septic System?
A septic system is an underground, private wastewater treatment structure. It is most common in rural areas where centralized sewer systems are not available. It uses a combination of nature and technology to treat wastewater from your bathrooms, kitchen, and laundry.
How It Works
(The 3-Step Process)
The Inlet: All wastewater flows from your house into the septic tank through a single main pipe.
The Separation: The tank is designed to hold the waste long enough for it to separate. Heavy solids settle at the bottom (Sludge), while oil and grease float to the top (Scum).
The Outlet: The middle layer of relatively clear water (Effluent) exits the tank and travels to the drainfield, where it is naturally filtered by the soil.
Maintenance Tips for Homeowners
A well-maintained septic system can last decades. Follow these "Golden Rules":
Pump Frequently: Have your tank inspected and pumped every 3–5 years.
Watch What You Flush: Never flush non-biodegradables, chemicals, or grease.
Conserve Water: Overloading the system with too much water at once can prevent the solids from settling properly.
Protect the Drainfield: Do not drive vehicles over the area or plant trees nearby, as roots can damage the pipes.
